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Great Pacific garbage patch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The area of increased plastic particles is located within the North Pacific Gyre, one of the five major oceanic gyres. It is located roughly between 1. It consists primarily of a small increase in suspended, often microscopic, particles in the upper water column. North Atlantic Garbage Patch North Atlantic Gyre Slideshow Texas Sized Garbage Patch 5gyres.org. Listen to National Ocean Service\'s Making Waves podcast on Garbage Patches In this episode, the NOAA Marine Debris Program explains what a garbage patch is and isn\'t, what we know and don\'t know, and what we can do about this. World\'s Most Polluted Seas Revealed. Scientists estimate that the North Atlantic Garbage Patch is hundreds of kilometres in. Discovery. The description was based on results obtained by several Alaska- based researchers between 1. North Pacific Ocean. Extrapolating from findings in the Sea of Japan, the researchers hypothesized that similar conditions would occur in other parts of the Pacific where prevailing currents were favorable to the creation of relatively stable waters. North Atlantic garbage patch The five major ocean. The gyre in the North Atlantic Ocean contains plastic marine pollution in a pattern and amount similar to what. Plastics at SEA: North Atlantic Expedition; The Ocean. The Dutch boy mopping up a sea of plastic. During the feasibility study Slat visited the gyre known as the North Atlantic Garbage Patch. Discover North Atlantic Garbage Patch in Sargasso Sea. North Atlantic Gyre Sargasso Sea. Sargasso Sea (Redirected from North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre The Sargasso Sea. The Sargasso Sea is home to seaweed of the genus Sargassum, which floats en masse on the surface there. The sargassum is not a threat to. They specifically indicated the North Pacific Gyre. Moore, returning home through the North Pacific Gyre after competing in the Transpac sailing race in 1. Moore alerted the oceanographer. Curtis Ebbesmeyer, who subsequently dubbed the region the . The gyre\'s rotational pattern draws in waste material from across the North Pacific Ocean, including coastal waters off North America and Japan. As material is captured in the currents, wind- driven surface currents gradually move floating debris toward the center, trapping it in the region. There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics. Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. The world biggest garbage dump is a floating one and has twice the size of the USA.The figure that an estimated 8. Debris is generated on land at marinas, ports, rivers, harbors, docks, and storm drains. Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels, stationary platforms and cargo ships. Most debris consists of small plastic particles suspended at or just below the surface, making it impossible to detect by aircraft or satellite. Instead, the size of the patch is determined by sampling. Estimates of size range from 7. Texas) to more than 1. Pacific Ocean), or, in some media reports, up to . Further, although the size of the patch is determined by a higher- than- normal degree of concentration of pelagic debris, there is no standard for determining the boundary between . The plastic debris sampled is determined by net mesh size, with similar mesh sizes required to make meaningful comparisons among studies. Floating debris typically is sampled with a neuston or manta trawl net lined with 0. Given the very high level of spatial clumping in marine litter, large numbers of net tows are required to adequately characterize the average abundance of litter at sea. Long- term changes in plastic meso- litter have been reported using surface net tows: in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre in 1. Similar dramatic increases in plastic debris have been reported off Japan. However, caution is needed in interpreting such findings, because of the problems of extreme spatial heterogeneity, and the need to compare samples from equivalent water masses, which is to say that, if an examination of the same parcel of water a week apart is conducted, an order of magnitude change in plastic concentration could be observed. The survey also confirmed that, although the debris field does contain large pieces, it is on the whole made up of smaller items that increase in concentration toward the Gyre\'s centre, and these \'confetti- like\' pieces are clearly visible just beneath the surface. Although many media and advocacy reports have suggested that the patch extends over an area larger than the continental U. S., recent research sponsored by the National Science Foundation suggests the affected area may be much smaller. As a result, it is one of several oceanic regions where researchers have studied the effects and impact of plastic photodegradation in the neustonic layer of water. This process continues down to the molecular level. As it disintegrates, the plastic ultimately becomes small enough to be ingested by aquatic organisms that reside near the ocean\'s surface. In this way, plastic may become concentrated in neuston, thereby entering the food chain. Some plastics decompose within a year of entering the water, leaching potentially toxic chemicals such as bisphenol A, PCBs, and derivatives of polystyrene. In a 2. 00. 1 study, researchers (including Charles Moore) found concentrations of plastic particles at 3. Assuming each particle of plastic averaged 5 mm . Nonetheless, this represents a very high amount with respect to the overall ecology of the neuston. In many of the sampled areas, the overall concentration of plastics was seven times greater than the concentration of zooplankton. Samples collected at deeper points in the water column found much lower concentrations of plastic particles (primarily monofilament fishing line pieces). Midway Atoll receives substantial amounts of marine debris from the patch. Of the 1. 5 million Laysan albatrosses that inhabit Midway, nearly all are found to have plastic in their digestive system. ECC collaborates with other groups to identify methods to safely remove plastic and persistent organic pollutants from the oceans. In August 2. 00. 9, two project vessels, the New Horizon and the Kaisei, embarked on a voyage to research the patch and determine the feasibility of commercial scale collection and recycling. Their primary goal was to describe the abundance and distribution of plastic in the gyre in the most rigorous study to date. Researchers were also looking at the impact of plastic on mesopelagic fish, such as lanternfish. Goldstein, Marci Rosenberg, and Lanna Cheng wrote: Plastic pollution in the form of small particles (diameter less than 5 mm) . They are known to interact with biota on the individual level, e. One potential mechanism for microplastic- induced alteration of pelagic ecosystems is through the introduction of hard- substrate habitat to ecosystems where it is naturally rare. Here, we show that microplastic concentrations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) have increased by two orders of magnitude in the past four decades, and that this increase has released the pelagic insect Halobates sericeus from substrate limitation for oviposition. High concentrations of microplastic in the NPSG resulted in a positive correlation between H. The dynamics of hard- substrate- associated organisms may be important to understanding the ecological impacts of oceanic microplastic pollution. Calling his project The Ocean Cleanup, he proposed to use surface currents to let debris drift to specially designed arms and collection platforms. Operating costs would be minimal and the operation would be so efficient that it might even be profitable. The concept makes use of floating booms, that divert rather than catch the debris. This way bycatch would be avoided, although even the smallest particles would be extracted. According to Slat\'s calculations, a gyre could be cleaned up in five years\' time, collecting at least 7. The company sent crews to Hawaiian beaches to recover some of the debris that had washed up. The main purpose is to educate people about the garbage patch. The 2. 01. 2 Algalita/5 Gyres Asia Pacific Expedition began in the Marshall Islands on 1 May, investigated the little- studied Western Pacific garbage patch, collecting samples for the 5 Gyres Institute, Algalita Marine Research Foundation and several other colleagues, including NOAA, SCRIPPS, IPRC and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. A similar research expedition was conducted by SEA in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2. During the Plastics at SEA 2. North Pacific Expedition, a total of 1. It was the first of a series of events under the patronage of UNESCO and of the Italian Ministry of the Environment. A general overview is provided in Dautel, Susan L. For this and what follows, see Moore (2. Moore (2. 00. 9), which includes photographs taken from the patch,^Day, Robert H.; Shaw, David G.; Ignell, Steven E. Final Report to US Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Auke Bay Laboratory. For example, plastic entering the ocean in Japan is moved eastward by the Subarctic Current (in Subarctic Water) and the Kuroshio (in Transitional Water, Kawai 1. Favorite et al. In this way, the plastic is transported from high- density areas to low- density areas. In addition to this eastward movement, Ekman stress from winds tends to move surface waters from the subarctic and the subtropics toward the Transitional Water mass as a whole (see Roden 1. Because of the convergent nature of this Ekman flow, densities tend to be high in Transitional Water. In addition, the generally convergent nature of water in the North Pacific Central Gyre (Masuzawa 1. Emphasis added)^ ab. Moore, Charles (November 2. Natural History Magazine. San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco: Hearst. Retrieved 2. 2 October 2. Straight Dope / Chicago Reader^Steve Gorman Scientists study huge plastic patch in Pacific Reuters^ ab. Moore, C. J; Moore, S. L; Leecaster, M. K; Weisberg, S. B (2. 00. 1). Marine Pollution Bulletin. National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Retrieved 1. 6 March 2. The oceans, their physics, chemistry and general biology. New York: Prentice- Hall.^Eriksen, Marcus; Lebreton, Laurent C. M.; Carson, Henry S.; Thiel, Martin; Moore, Charles J.; Borerro, Jose C.; Galgani, Francois; Ryan, Peter G.; Reisser, Julia (2. M.; Carson, Henry S.; Thiel, Martin; Moore, Charles J.; Borerro, Jose C.; Galgani, Francois; Ryan, Peter G.; Reisser, Julia (2. San Francisco: Sierra Club. Retrieved 1. 3 August 2. Sea Grant College Program and NOAA. National Public Radio. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Ropert- Coudert, Yan, ed. Bibcode: 2. 00. 9PLo. SO.. 4. 7. 62. 3Y. C.; Olsen, Y; Mitchell, RP; Davis, A; Rowland, SJ; John, AW; Mc. Gonigle, D; Russell, AE (2. A.; Galgani, F.; Thompson, R. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Retrieved 3. 0 August 2. Retrieved 5 April 2. Santa Barbara News- Press. Accessed 6- 1. 1- 1. Rios, Lorena M.; Moore, Charles; Jones, Patrick R. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Environmental Science & Technology. Bibcode: 2. 00. 4En. ST.. 3. 8. 4. 03. T. 3. 0 March 2. 01. Greenpeace Plastic Ocean Report. THE ATLANTIC OCEANMAP. North Atlantic Ocean. PBS. NEWSHOUR - SPACE X MAKE ATLANTIC DRONE LANDING, APRIL 1. Four failed attempts and years of effort paid off Friday, as the Space. X Falcon 9 rocket booster re- entered Earth’s atmosphere and lowered itself. Thunderbirds fashion, vertically, onto a floating platform in the Atlantic Ocean — the company’s first successful landing at sea. The aerospace and space transport company has landed the rocket on terra firma once before, but its size — 1. Volkswagen Beetle — made bringing it to a platform bobbing in the open ocean. According to an AFP report, Space. X CEO Elon Musk is quoted as saying that the ability to safely land a rocket so it can be used again — as opposed to the traditional method of deploying a new rocket for each launch and allowing used rockets to crash- land in the ocean — will make it cheaper to get to space, and more Eco- friendly. And before it landed Friday, the rocket launched into orbit a cargo craft laden with supplies for astronauts at the International Space Station. Among them were. Sir Francis Chichester and Blondie Hasler. When they came up with their plan, it was at first ridiculed. The idea of a single- handed yacht race was revolutionary and almost unheard of at the time. But they. were men on a mission. Hasler sought sponsorship for the race, but by 1. Then, The Observer newspaper. Royal Western Yacht Club of England, the Observer Single- handed Trans- Atlantic Race, or OSTAR, was born. One hundred and fifteen people expressed an interest in taking part. Without the technology that we have nowadays, little was heard from the competitors during the race and fears grew for their safety. But. conclusively, Chichester was first to arrive in New York after 4. Tracing its roots back to 1. IMOCA 6. 0s, Multi 5. Class 4. 0s and giant multihulls or Ultimes with no limitation in upper size in that class. Born just outside Paris, Paul Meilhat, the 3. SMA skipper who now lives in Brest, will race in The Transat as part of his build- up to the 2. Vend. Using freestyle. Ben. Hooper is to swim up to a total of 1. His epic swim will take him over 3. Equatorial. sun. Then, there will be “The Doldrums” and her stillness, humidity, lack of movement. It is not like swimming the English. Channel, where it is literally man against the elements. No man. could or would want to try and swim such a long distance without. So. we\'ll cheat a little. SWIM. THE BIG BLUE - The swim, on a daily basis, will be broken down into a maximum of two 6- hour periods (or up to 1. Between the two 6- hour sessions, there will be two hours of rest on the support boat. During this rest period (and overnight up to 1. Ben will be aboard the boat where he will sleep and consume a high carbohydrate, fat and protein diet as well as. He may burn up to 1. The boat and crew, will note the GPS position of each swim entry and exit, and will account for drift in order to add any vacant distances back into the swim or to the end of the swim, thereby ensuring the whole distance of the originally intended route is completed. As a further measure, the option of use of a sea anchor may reduce the drift ensuring that the total mileage spent out of the. English Channel swim distance per day. Always without touching the boat or any other supporting device, the crew will pass supplies to Ben by throwing or by pole depending on conditions. Unless there is an emergency or safety risk, Ben shall not have any other form of physical contact with the boat (other than being passed food/drink) during the two 6- hour periods of swimming. Swimming in sea temperatures ranging from 2. Fahrenheit), with currents from 1 – 7 knots flowing westward and north- west, this will be a. If successful, Ben. He may also become the first man to transparently detail his swim - swimming the exact mileage of the intended straight line crossing. ABOUT. BENBen was born in. London, United Kingdom, and as a child moved within the UK and EU with his family and the British. Army. As an adult Ben has served with the military, police and worked within mental health and Psychology. In his spare time, he writes fiction and is a 2* AIDA freediver and Open Water PADI. His love of open water and swimming, is second only to being a father. Ben\'s inspirational story of surviving premature birth, collapsed lungs and. ICU at birth, is highlighted further by his drowning at five- years of age in a swimming pool in. Belgium. Yet as adulthood dawned, he moved to training for distance swimming, middle distance running and eventually, a period of triathlon amateur competition. Later, whilst living in Fuerteventura, he turned his focus to spending more time in the swimming pool and sea swimming up to 2. UK, Atlantic and Mediterranean. Ben remains a regular guy. CONTACT. BEN & HIS TEAMGeneral. Ben and his support team: info@swimthebigblue. Events. and Sponsorship enquiries. Rebecca Logue: sponsorteam@swimthebigblue. Marketing/Media/Press. UK. Regional - Michelle Heather of Pink Elephant Marketing +4. Email. pinkelephantmarketing@outlook. UK. National - Anthony Harvison of Palamedes PR on +4. Email. anthony. harvison@palamedes. Ben\'s. agent - Sacha Gemili: nsrg. ATLANTIC DEAD ZONES, MAY 2. Researchers have discovered dead zones in the Atlantic Ocean with. Thursday. It added that it was the first time such zones, which usually occur near coastlines, were observed in the open ocean. Dead zones are areas of the ocean depleted of oxygen. Most marine animals, like fish and crabs, cannot live within these regions, where only certain microorganisms can survive. In addition to the environmental impact, dead zones are an economic concern for commercial fishing, with very low oxygen concentrations having been linked to reduced fish yields in the Baltic Sea and other parts of the world. This research is presented in the paper . Fischer (Faculty of Geosciences and MARUM, University of Bremen, Germany), R. Visbeck (GEOMAR), and D. Wallace (Halifax Marine Research Institute, Canada). DEAD. ZONES - Fish and crabs cannot survive in oxygen depleted ocean zones. Karstensen was part of the team of German and Canadian researchers behind the report. Dead zones normally occur near coastlines where river runoff carries fertilizers and other chemical nutrients into the ocean, causing algae blooms that rapidly consume the water’s oxygen, the press release said. Though ocean currents can carry these waters away from the coast, a dead zone forming in the open ocean had not yet been discovered, according to the press release for the report, titled “Open ocean dead zones in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean.” It was published in the European Geosciences Union’s open access journal Biogeosciences. Nearly 2. 00,0. 00 people signed an online petition urging them to. This came after yachts from around the world vowed to search at the boat\'s last known location. Prime Minister. David Cameron was quick to thank the U. S. The private search was described as channelling the \'Spirit of Dunkirk\'A two- day search by US and Canadian aircraft and merchant vessels covering 4,1. Sunday 1. 8th May 2. The four men are believed to have abandoned the vessel for a. Doug Innes, the director of the British yacht training and charter firm Stormforce Coaching, praised the extensive search efforts but said he was devastated they had been called off so soon. Stormforce, the managing agent for the vessel, said in a statement: . On Thursday she started taking on water. They had not been able to ascertain where the water ingress was from and were diverting to the Azores. We are holding out great hope that Andrew and the guys on board Cheeki Rafiki will be found. Asked if others could have attended the scene where the hull was found, he said: . The grand scale of this is immense. Aircraft take four or five hours to get there and vessels can take over a week. This particular ship just happened to be in the area, they were not tasked specifically for this. A second brief call four hours later said conditions were deteriorating, but gave no further information. Shortly afterwards, the US Coast Guard received a distress alert from Bridge and launched the search. The four crew members were described as very experienced yachtsmen and Bridge, the youngest of the group, as a highly qualified skipper. It is believed that Goslin and Warren, who were coastal skippers, had volunteered to do the transatlantic crossing. Aged 2. 1, Bridge had two high- level yachtmaster qualifications from the Royal Yachting Association, which meant he could skipper a yacht a minimum non- stop distance of 6. To qualify for the yachtmaster ocean certificate, a skipper must have been at sea continuously for at least 9. Bridge, nicknamed . Andy is a yachtmaster offshore and keelboat instructor. Dolphins. Seals and Turtles that have been trapped by plastic bags, nets and the. These animals cannot clean the oceans up. They need the help of the humans that caused the problem. Adapted. ZCC semi- autonomous drones could clean up the oceans for us in just a. BMS are though. able to develop prototypes in- house to be able to prove concepts, and. We are prepared to work on research projects. THE. ATLANTICThe Atlantic Ocean is the second- largest of the world\'s oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 1. Earth\'s surface and about 2. The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the . Atlantis thalassa. English: Sea of Atlas). The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic as late as the mid- 1. Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term . The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world. The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S- shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west.
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